Ip Route For Mac

MAC addresses are layer-2 addresses in the frame header. The layer-2 frame encapsulates the layer-3 IP packet. The layer-2 frame is stripped off at a layer-2/3 boundary (e.g. Ip route del has the same arguments as ip route add, but their semantics are a bit different. Key values (to, tos, preference and table) select the route to delete. If optional attributes are present, ip verifies that they coincide with the attributes of the route to delete. If no route with the given key and attributes was found, ip route del.

• Ip Route Add Mac
• Ip Route For Mac Mojave
• Ip Route Mac Os X
• Ip Route Mac Os

The forwarding of IP packets by routers is called IP routing. In this lesson, you will learn the steps a router has to perform to fo. The IP address is the final destination of the machine or network the data needs to go to, which helps the routing software find the next MAC address. The MAC address is the address of the next 'hop' that needs to be done, it is the address of the next step in the chain. Find Router IP Address on Mac If your Router is not using its Default IP Address, you can follow the steps below to find its current IP Address on Mac. Click on the Apple logo in top-menu bar and select System Preferences in the drop-down menu.

This tutorial explains IP route command and its parameter, argument and options in detail with examples. Learn how to configure default route and static route with IP route command in Cisco router step by step with practical example in packet tracer.

IP route command is used to configure the static route. Static routes are the most secure way of routing. They will also increase overall network performance. These features are extremely helpful in small network.

IP route command and parameters explained

We have two commands to configure the static route.

and

Ip Route Add Mac

Let’s explore above commands in detail

ip route

This is the base command which adds new route in routing table.

destination_network_#[subnet_mask]

This is the first parameter. It specifies the destination network address. We need to provide subnet mask if we are using sub-network. Sub-networks are the smaller networks created from one large network in subnetting. If we are not using sub-network then we can omit the subnet mask value. It will parse automatically.

IP_address_of_next_hop_neighbor / interface_to_exit

This parameter provides a way to reach the destination network. Both commands use separate way to assign this value. First command provides the IP address of next hop neighbor. It tells router that if it receives a packet for destination [that we set in previous parameter], forward that packet to this next hop neighbor IP address.

Second command also do the same job but in different way. It specifies exit interface instead of next hop IP address. It tells router that if it receives a packet for the destination specified by previous parameter then exits that packet from this interface. Device attached on other end of this interface will take care of the packet.

administrative_distance

Administrative distance is the trustworthiness of route. Route with the lowest AD value will be chosen while forwarding the packet. By default static route has two AD values depending on the previous parameter. If you have used next hop neighbor IP address, then the default AD value will be 1. If you have used exit interface, then the default AD value will be 0. This parameter allows us to create multiple static routes for the same destination. For example we can create primary and backup path for the destination network. To create backup path, we need to set AD value to higher than default, such as 2 or 3. With this configuration router will use primary path. Due to some reason if primary route fails, the router will start using backup route automatically.

permanent

When a route goes down router will remove that from routing table. Permanent parameter will keep this route in routing table even if it goes down. Its optional parameter we can omit it. If we omit it, router will remove this route from routing table if it goes down. You might use this parameter for security reason if you never want packets to take another path.

Configure Default Route

By default when a packet arrives in interface, router checks destination filed in packet and compare it with routing table. If it finds a match for destination network then it will forward that packet from related interface. If it does not find a match in routing table then it will discard that packet. This is the default behavior of router. Default route allows us to override this behavior. Default route is a way to deal with all unmatched packets. If no match for destination network found in routing table then it would be forwarded to the default route.

Following commands are used to set the default route

Ip Route For Mac Mojave

Or

Above command sets destination network to 0.0.0.0/0 that represents all networks.

IP route command example

For demonstration purpose we will use Packet Tracer network simulator software. Beside Packet Tracer you can use any other network simulator software such RouterSim, GNS, Boson or even better if you could afford, use real Cisco devices for follow this practice.

Create a practice topology as shown in fowling figure. Alternatively you can download this topology.

Assign IP address to devices

Assign IP address 10.0.0.2/8 to PC0.

Ip Route Mac Os X

Repeat same process for PC1 and assign IP address 20.0.0.2/8.

Assign IP address to interfaces of router

Double click Router0 and click CLI and press Enter key to access command prompt of router.

Two interfaces FastEthernet0/0 and Serial0/0/0 of Router0 are used in this topology. By default interfaces on router are remain administratively down during the start up. We need to configure IP address and other parameters on interfaces before we could actually use them for routing. Interface mode is used to assign IP address and other parameters. Interface mode can be accessed from global configuration mode. Following commands are used to access global configuration mode.

From global configuration mode we can enter in interface mode. From there we can configure the interface. Following commands will assign IP address on FastEthernet0/0.

interface fastEthernet 0/0 command is used to enter in interface mode.

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 command will assign IP address to interface.

no shutdown command will bring the interface up.

exit command is used to return in global configuration mode.

Serial interface needs two additional parameters clock rate and bandwidth. Every serial cable has two ends DTE and DCE. These parameters are always configured at DCE end. We can use show controllers interface command from privilege mode to check the cable's end.

Fourth line of output confirms that DCE end of serial cable is attached. If you see DTE here instead of DCE skip these parameters.

Now we have necessary information let's assign IP address to serial interface.

Router#configure terminal Command is used to enter in global configuration mode.

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 Command is used to enter in interface mode.

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.253 255.255.255.252 Command assigns IP address to interface. For serial link we usually use IP address from /30 subnet.

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 And Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64 In real life environment these parameters control the data flow between serial links and need to be set at service providers end. In lab environment we need not to worry about these values. We can use these values.

Router(config-if)#no shutdown Command brings interface up.

Ip Route Mac Os

Router(config-if)#exit Command is used to return in global configuration mode.

We will use same commands to assign IP addresses on interfaces of Router1. Since we have provided clock rate and bandwidth on serial interface of Router0 we need not to assign them on serial interface of Router1. Following command will assign IP addresses on interface of Router1.

Configure Static Route

Run following command from global configuration mode in routers.

Router0

Router1

That's all we need to switch packet from one network to another. To verify the result we can use ping command. Access the command prompt of PC1 and use ping command to test the connectivity from PC0.

A successful reply indicates that static routing is configured properly. In next article we will extend this example with more complex topology.

When working with Linux you get used to the way Linux does things, but when you switch from Linux to Mac OS X you notice that some things are handled differently.

One of these differences I came across recently. It’s about the way you read out the routes you currently have active. I was used to the way you show them in Linux with the following command:

I like to add the “-n” parameter to not resolve the IP addresses to names. This can make the output of the routes much faster.

But when you switch over to OS X you will notice that the command “route” exists but work differently. If you open the man page of “route” on a Linux system and then on OS X you will immediately see the following difference.

The Linux man pages show you this description for the command:

But the OS X man page will only show this in the description:

The missing word “show” gives the hint that the route command will not show us the routes as we are used to from Linux. To get a similar list of active routing entries as on Linux the following command has to be executed:

The output of the netstat command on Mac OS X is very similar to the output you are used to from Linux. The option “-r” tell netstat to show the routing table and the “-n” option as with the “route” command avoids DNS resolution. The netstat command is used to show more then just the routing table and is also available on Linux. When executed on Linux it will show the same output as the route command.

Adding a route

For adding a route to the routing table Linux as well as OS X use the route command, but be aware that even here there are differences. In OS X, to specify a route for network 10.0.0.0/24 to be routed to gateway 10.0.0.1 you use the following command.

But if you are on a Linux system you will have to use the following command to do the same:

The syntax is very close to the syntax of OS X but it is not identical. In the OS X the destination and gateway parameter is defined by its position in the command line, the Linux command expects the parameters to be prefixed with “-net” and “gw”.

The man page of the related commands are usually a good source of what is different between Linux and Mac OS X.

Read more of my posts on my blog at http://blog.tinned-software.net/.